Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Bio-Activity Analysis
NAD+ Levels by Age (Relative Decline)
SCIENTIFIC DATA VISUALIZATION
Health Benefits & Sources
Why You Need It
- Boosts Cellular Energy: It helps convert food into ATP, the usable energy that powers your body.
- Supports DNA Repair: NAD+ fuels enzymes (like PARPs) that fix damaged DNA, protecting your genetic code.
- Regulates Circadian Rhythm: It helps manage your internal body clock, promoting better sleep cycles.
- Healthy Aging: Maintaining NAD+ levels is associated with improved mitochondrial function and longevity.
Deep Dive
NAD+ works in two main ways: it helps break down nutrients in the oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction to create energy, and it acts as a signaling molecule. When you eat, NAD+ grabs electrons from food and passes them to the mitochondria to create a spark of energy. However, stress and alcohol consumption burn through NAD+ reserves rapidly. By keeping levels up, you ensure your cells have the fuel needed to repair themselves and function optimally.
Natural Food Sources
While you cannot eat pure NAD+, you can consume its precursors (building blocks) like Tryptophan, Niacin (Vitamin B3), and Nicotinamide Riboside.
| Food | Amount | % DV (Niacin Equivalent) |
|---|---|---|
| Chicken Breast | 3 oz | ~70% |
| Tuna (Yellowfin) | 3 oz | ~110% |
| Brown Rice | 1 cup | ~15% |
| Avocado | 1 whole | ~15% |
| Mushrooms (Portobello) | 1 cup | ~10% |
Supplementation
If you are looking for a direct boost, supplements often use Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) or Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN). These are the 'raw materials' your body uses to synthesize NAD+.
Usage:
- Natural Approach: Prioritize a diet rich in B3 (Niacin) and protein.
- Supplement Dosage: Common dosages in studies range from 250mg to 1000mg of NR/NMN daily. Always consult a doctor before starting, as quality varies wildly in the supplement market.
Top Food Sources
Frequently Asked Questions
Safety & Side Effects
Generally considered safe for healthy adults.
Side Effects: High doses of NAD+ precursors (like Niacin) can cause 'Niacin Flush'—a temporary reddening of the skin accompanied by itching or warmth. High doses of Nicotinamide (a form of B3) may cause mild nausea or liver toxicity in extreme cases.
Who should avoid it?
- People with liver disease.
- Pregnant or breastfeeding women (due to lack of safety data).
- Those taking chemotherapy (theoretical risk of protecting cancer cells).
Scientific References
- [1]Baird, L., et al. (2019). 'NAD+ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration.' *Science*.
- [2]Covarrubias, A., et al. (2020). 'NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing.' *Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology*.
- [3]Trammell, S. A., et al. (2016). 'Nicotinamide riboside is uniquely and orally bioavailable in humans.' *Cell Reports*.