Health Guide

Phenethyl isothiocyanate

Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a natural plant compound found primarily in cruciferous vegetables like watercress and broccoli. It belongs to a family of compounds called isothiocyanates, which are responsible for the pungent, spicy flavors in these veggies. Think of PEITC as a plant's natural defense mechanism that doubles as a powerful health booster for humans. When you eat these vegetables, an enzyme reaction releases PEITC directly into your body. It is currently being studied for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, specifically its ability to support the body's natural detoxification pathways.
Evidence BasedDietary Supplement
Phenethyl isothiocyanate
VERIFIED SOURCE

Bio-Activity Analysis

PEITC Bioavailability: Food vs. Supplement

SCIENTIFIC DATA VISUALIZATION

Y-Axis
Absorption Rate
Source

Health Benefits & Sources

Why You Need It

  • Cellular Defense: It helps protect your cells from oxidative stress and damage.
  • Detoxification Support: It activates enzymes in the liver that help neutralize and eliminate toxins.
  • Anti-Inflammatory: It may help lower markers of inflammation in the body.
  • Metabolic Health: Early research suggests it supports healthy metabolism and weight management.

Deep Dive

PEITC works by triggering a biological process called the Nrf2 pathway. Think of Nrf2 as a master switch in your cells that turns on your body's natural antioxidant defenses. When you consume PEITC, this switch is flipped, prompting your body to produce more enzymes that fight off free radicals and repair cellular damage.

Furthermore, PEITC is unique because it interacts with specific proteins that regulate cell life and death. It encourages damaged cells to undergo 'apoptosis' (programmed cell death), which is essentially your body's way of removing potentially harmful cells before they can multiply. This makes it a key player in cancer prevention research, particularly for lung and colorectal health.

Natural Food Sources

PEITC is not found in synthetic foods; it must be derived from plants. The precursor compound, glucosinolate, is converted into PEITC when the plant cell walls are broken (chewing or chopping).

| Food | Amount | % DV | |---|---|---| | Watercress | 1 Cup (Raw) | Very High | | Arugula | 1 Cup (Raw) | High | | Radishes | 1 Cup | Moderate | | Bok Choy | 1 Cup (Cooked) | Moderate | | Broccoli | 1 Cup (Cooked) | Low-Moderate |

Supplementation

Because PEITC is sensitive to heat and cooking methods can reduce its potency, many people choose to supplement to ensure consistent intake.

  • Dosage: There is no official RDA. Supplement studies often use doses ranging from 10mg to 60mg per day.
  • Who Should Take It: Individuals looking for extra antioxidant support, those with a family history of certain cancers (always consult a doctor), or people who struggle to eat cruciferous vegetables daily.
  • Best Form: Look for supplements derived from watercress extract or broccoli sprout extract.

Top Food Sources

Watercress
The gold standard source.
Arugula
Great for salads.
Daikon Radish
The root contains high levels.
Mustard Greens
Spicy greens.
Broccoli Sprouts
Concentrated source.

Frequently Asked Questions

Watercress contains the highest concentration of glucosinolates (the precursor to PEITC) compared to other vegetables. Eating it raw maximizes the enzyme activity needed to convert it into PEITC.
Yes, heat can destroy the myrosinase enzyme required to convert glucosinolates into PEITC. Light steaming is better than boiling, but raw is best.
Yes, combining PEITC with Vitamin C and other antioxidants is generally considered synergistic and safe.
PEITC is absorbed quickly but clears from the blood within 24 hours. Daily intake (through food or supplements) is recommended for cumulative benefits.

Safety & Side Effects

Safety & Side Effects

PEITC is generally considered safe when consumed in food amounts. However, concentrated supplements require caution.

  • Gastrointestinal Distress: High doses may cause stomach upset, nausea, or gas.
  • Blood Thinning: PEITC may have mild anticoagulant effects. If you are on blood thinners (like Warfarin) or have a bleeding disorder, consult your doctor.
  • Thyroid Function: Like other cruciferous compounds, very high doses could interfere with iodine uptake in the thyroid. If you have hypothyroidism, monitor your intake.

Warning: Do not take PEITC supplements if you are pregnant or breastfeeding due to a lack of safety data.

Scientific References

  • [1]Lin, H. J., et al. (2019). 'Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits prostate cancer progression'. *Oncology Reports*.
  • [2]Conaway, C. C., et al. (2002). 'Phenethyl isothiocyanate and cancer prevention'. *Journal of Cellular Biochemistry*.
  • [3]American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR). 'Glucosinolates and Cancer Prevention'.